UPSC 2019 History PYQs with Answers

The Second Plan emphasized basic and capital goods industries, and the Fourth Plan aimed at reducing concentration of wealth/economic power. The financial sector was not first included as an integral part only in the Fifth Plan.

The Service Area Approach was introduced under the Lead Bank Scheme to assign villages/service areas to bank branches for planned rural credit.

The 2018 amendment introduced fixed-term employment provisions and also states no termination notice is necessary for temporary workmen as specified. Both statements are accepted as correct.

The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 provide detailed criteria for landfill and waste-processing facility sites. The other statements are incorrect or too narrow.

Coal nationalization occurred under Indira Gandhi. Coal blocks are allocated by auction/allotment, not lottery, and India still imports coal, so statements 2 and 3 are incorrect.

The Ninth Schedule was inserted by the First Constitutional Amendment in 1951 during Jawaharlal Nehru's prime ministership.

Agricultural soils can emit nitrogen oxides, cattle release ammonia, and poultry operations release reactive nitrogen compounds. All three contribute reactive nitrogen to the environment.

Jahangir shifted Mughal painting emphasis toward albums, naturalistic studies and individual portraits rather than large illustrated manuscripts.

Tansen was not a title given by Akbar; he was already known as Tansen/Mian Tansen. The other statements about dhrupads, patron songs and ragas are accepted.

Gandhi campaigned against indentured labour, and Congress was declared illegal after the Salt Satyagraha/Civil Disobedience escalation. Gandhi supported recruitment at the War Conference, so statement 2 is incorrect.

Nimbarka predates Akbar, and Kabir predates Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi. Therefore neither statement is correct.

Amil was a revenue officer in Delhi Sultanate administration. Iqta was adapted from West/Central Asian Islamic administrative practice, not an ancient indigenous institution, and Mir Bakshi was a Mughal office, not Khalji Sultanate.

Kalyana Mandapas became a notable architectural feature in Vijayanagara temple construction.

Vishti or forced labour in the Gupta period functioned as a compulsory service/tax-like obligation and was considered a source of state income.

Mahayana Buddhism is marked by deification/devotional treatment of the Buddha, the Bodhisattva ideal, image worship and rituals.

The Kanganahalli relief inscription mentions Ranyo Ashoka along with a sculptural representation identified as Ashoka.

Sohgaura is known for a Mauryan-period copper plate inscription, not as a Harappan site. Chanhudaro, Kot Diji and Desalpur are Harappan sites.

All India Anti-Untouchability League was founded by Gandhi, All India Kisan Sabha was associated with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, and the Self-Respect Movement with E. V. Ramaswami Naicker/Periyar.

The Swadeshi Movement encouraged indigenous crafts/industries and established the National Council of Education to promote national education.

Jagirdars held revenue assignments in lieu of service, mainly administrative/military, not specifically judicial and police duties as stated. Zamindars had hereditary local/revenue rights and obligations beyond simple collection. Thus both statements are incorrect.