UPSC 2020 Polity & Governance PYQs with Answers

Urea pricing is administered/subsidized, so statement 1 is wrong. Ammonia is produced mainly from natural gas, and sulphur for phosphoric acid fertilizer is recovered as a refinery/natural gas processing by-product.

Food has higher weight in CPI than WPI, and WPI excludes services while CPI captures consumer services. RBI uses CPI, not WPI, as the key inflation measure for monetary policy.

Textiles/textile articles are important in India-Bangladesh trade. Indo-Sri Lanka trade has not consistently increased every year, and Nepal has not been India's largest South Asian trading partner in the last five years.

Rice prices are affected by MSP, government trading/procurement, stockpiling and consumer subsidies through PDS and market interventions.

Rakhmabai case centred on age of consent and restitution of conjugal rights in the context of child marriage and women's autonomy.

The President may summon Parliament at such place as he/she thinks fit, and the Constitution sets no minimum annual sitting days. It does not constitutionally mandate exactly three sessions per year.

Mere voter eligibility is not enough; a minister must satisfy legislative membership qualifications and become a member within six months. A five-year conviction leads to disqualification during imprisonment and six years after release, not permanent disqualification.

Part IV contains Directive Principles, which are not enforceable by courts but are fundamental in governance and guide law-making by the State.

The Preamble is part of the Constitution, but it is not independently enforceable and has no separate legal effect apart from aiding interpretation.

Bureaucracy is the permanent administrative machinery primarily responsible for implementing public policy.

The ideal of a welfare state is mainly expressed in the Directive Principles of State Policy.

In a parliamentary system, the executive government is responsible to Parliament and can be removed by loss of confidence.

Legal Services Authorities provide free legal services based on categories including income thresholds; the listed person under Rs. 1 lakh and transgender person under Rs. 2 lakh fit. OBC status alone with Rs. 3 lakh and all senior citizens are not universally covered as stated.

Human-rights principles appear not only in Fundamental Rights but also in the Preamble, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties.

Constitutional government means government limited by constitutional rules, rights and checks on power.

The Macro-Economic Framework Statement is mandated by the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003.

Separation of judiciary from executive is a Directive Principle under Article 50.

Article 17 abolishing untouchability is part of the Right to Equality group of Fundamental Rights.

MPLADS funds create durable community assets, include prescribed SC/ST allocations, and district authorities must inspect at least 10% of works annually. Unused funds are non-lapsable and carried forward.

Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha have equal powers in constitutional amendment bills. Rajya Sabha has special powers for All India Services, but not equal power in government removal or cut motions.