UPSC Current Affairs — Page 4
June 30, 2026
Defence and Internal Security: July 2024 to June 2026
The Agnipath scheme (launched June 2022) recruited soldiers on a four-year short-service contract. By June 2026, three recruitment cycles are complete. Approximately 1.4 lakh Agniveers have been recru
June 30, 2026
PM-SHRI School Expansion: How NEP 2020 is being implemented
PM-SHRI added 7,500 more schools in June 2026, reaching 22,000 total. All now follow the NEP 2020 5+3+3+4 structure with mother tongue instruction up to Grade 5, optical fibre connectivity under BharatNet, and smart classrooms. PARAKH assessment pilot begins in 2027.
June 30, 2026
Government Schemes: April to June 2026
Every scheme launched, expanded, or restructured in Q2 2026 , PM Surya Ghar Phase II, Samudrayaan milestones, the National Nursing and Midwifery Commission Act, and more. Each scheme mapped to its ministry, budget, and UPSC Prelims question format.
June 30, 2026
Species Discoveries, Conservation Milestones, and IUCN Updates: H1 2026
Three new species discovered — Namdapha Gliding Frog, Silent Valley Dancing Frog, Nilgiri Pit Viper. Conservation milestones: Gharial release in Gandak, first AI-hatched GIB chick, first snow leopard census (718). IUCN updates: Indian Pangolin now Critically Endangered.
June 30, 2026
New Ramsar Sites in India: January to June 2026
India added four new Ramsar sites in H1 2026 — Pichavaram Mangrove Forest (Tamil Nadu), Ansupa Lake and Hirakud Reservoir (Odisha), and Tso Kar Basin (Ladakh). Total now 87. Each site mapped to its state, key feature, and the one Prelims fact UPSC will test.
June 30, 2026
Environment and Climate: July 2024 to June 2026
COP29 was designated the "Finance COP" because the NCQG (New Collective Quantified Goal) for climate finance , replacing the $100 billion annual commitment from 2009 , was the primary agenda item. The
June 30, 2026
Economy This Quarter: April to June 2026
Economic current affairs are not about memorising numbers. They are about understanding the direction of policy and the interplay between monetary policy, fiscal policy, and the external sector. This
June 30, 2026
Constitutional and Parliamentary Developments: July 2024 to June 2026
**Amendment procedure (Article 368)** : Know the three types. Simple majority: amendments not under Article 368 (changing state names, citizenship provisions). Special majority: most amendments (two-t
June 30, 2026
Social Issues and Policy: July 2024 to June 2026
A seven-judge Constitution bench overruled the E.V. Chinnaiah judgment (2004) and held that states can sub-classify Scheduled Castes for reservation. The Court held that within the SC category, some c
June 30, 2026
Tiger Reserves and Cheetah Re-introduction: The 2026 update
India declared its 56th tiger reserve at Kumbhalgarh (Rajasthan) and expanded the largest reserve at Srisailam. At Kuno, the cheetah population reached 29 but carrying capacity was exceeded. Two new translocation sites — Gandhisagar and Nauradehi — were identified.
June 30, 2026
Science and Technology: July 2024 to June 2026
This compilation covers two years of developments in space, defence technology, AI and digital policy, biotechnology, and quantum computing , every development that UPSC will test.
June 30, 2026
Reports and Indices: April to June 2026
Between April and June 2026, major reports were released by the IMF, WHO, WEF, FAO, and NITI Aayog. Each report is broken down here: the headline finding, India's rank or position, the one statistic t
June 14, 2026
Punjab vs Union of India: How the Supreme Court capped cesses and defended fiscal federalism
A seven-judge bench unanimously held that the Centre's systematic reliance on cesses and surcharges — now 28 percent of gross tax revenue — was undermining fiscal federalism, which is part of the Basic Structure. The Court capped cess revenue at 15 percent and directed the 16th Finance Commission to integrate cesses into the divisible pool.
June 14, 2026
Supreme Court Judgments: April to June 2026
A deep dive into three constitution-defining judgments from Q2 2026 , climate rights under Article 21, the DPDP Act consent and exemption judgment, and the fiscal federalism case that capped cesses at 15 percent of tax revenue.
June 14, 2026
M.K. Ranjitsinh Judgment: The fundamental right against climate change
The Supreme Court recognised a fundamental right to be free from the adverse effects of climate change under Articles 21 and 14, directed the government to pass a climate adaptation law, and ordered the creation of an independent Climate Commission. This is the most significant environmental judgment since the Vishakha guidelines.
June 14, 2026
DPDP Act Supreme Court Review: Consent, exemptions, and the fight for an independent data regulator
A five-judge Constitution bench struck down the blanket government exemption in the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, directed the government to create an independent Data Protection Board, and read granular consent requirements into the law. Justice Nagarathna's dissent argued for stronger privacy protections.
May 31, 2026
National Manufacturing Mission Phase II: Green manufacturing and the CBAM challenge
India's NMM Phase II ties industrial policy to climate commitments — green PLI top-ups, a ₹5,000 crore Circular Economy Fund, green hydrogen pilots, and a dedicated CBAM preparation cell. The scheme is India's domestic response to the EU's carbon border tax.
April 30, 2026
PM Surya Ghar Phase II: India's rooftop solar expansion
Phase II of PM Surya Ghar was approved in April 2026, expanding the target from 1 crore to 3 crore households. New provisions include community solar for apartments, battery storage subsidy of ₹25,000, and increased DISCOM incentives. Total outlay: ₹1.62 lakh crore.
March 31, 2026
Government Schemes: January to March 2026
Each scheme is broken down here with its objective, target, allocation, and the static syllabus connection.
March 31, 2026
Reports and Indices: January to March 2026
The MPI measures poverty across three dimensions (health, education, standard of living) and ten indicators (nutrition, child mortality, years of schooling, school attendance, cooking fuel, sanitation
March 31, 2026
Economy This Quarter: January to March 2026
The budget was covered in detail in our Government Schemes compilation. This section focuses on the macroeconomic implications.
March 31, 2026
India and the World: January to March 2026
Donald Trump returned to the White House in January 2025. His second term has been more structured and less chaotic than his first, but the core impulses remain: transactional bilateralism, suspicion
March 14, 2026
Reservation in Promotions: How the Supreme Court modified the Nagaraj framework in 2026
A seven-judge bench revisited M. Nagaraj (2006) and modified the three conditions for reservation in promotions for SCs and STs. The Court removed the backwardness requirement, clarified quantifiable data, and held that diversity is part of administrative efficiency — but kept the creamy layer exclusion intact.
March 14, 2026
Death Penalty Sentencing Framework: How the Supreme Court operationalised the rarest of rare doctrine
A five-judge Constitution bench established a structured sentencing framework for death penalty cases. Bifurcated hearings, mandatory mitigating circumstances reports, and the default of life imprisonment are now binding requirements — but the death penalty itself remains constitutional.