UPSC Current Affairs — Page 3
September 11, 2026
Chandrayaan-5 / LUPEX: The India–Japan lunar mission, explained
India's lunar roadmap runs in two directions: Chandrayaan-4 for sample return, and Chandrayaan-5 / LUPEX as a joint polar mission with Japan's JAXA hunting water ice. This guide separates the two missions and covers the Chandrayaan lineage UPSC tests.
September 11, 2026
India–US relations: The framework that survives every administration
The India–US relationship rests on four foundational agreements, the 2+2 Dialogue, iCET and the Quad. This guide explains the scaffolding UPSC tests: the agreements, the frameworks, and the recurring friction points.
September 11, 2026
Governors vs state governments: The constitutional position and the case law
Governor–state friction recurs through Article 200 assent disputes. This guide explains the Governor's constitutional position, the discretionary zone, and the case law from Bommai to the recent assent rulings.
September 11, 2026
One nation one election: The proposal, the bills and the amendment route
Simultaneous elections would hold Lok Sabha and State Assembly polls together. The Kovind Committee recommended it in March 2024; two Constitution Amendment Bills now sit with a Joint Parliamentary Committee. This guide explains the proposal and the constitutional questions it raises.
September 11, 2026
MGNREGA wage rates: How they're set and why the scheme is demand-driven
MGNREGA guarantees 100 days of wage employment per rural household. The Centre notifies state-wise wage rates each April under Section 6(1) of the Act. This guide explains the wage machinery and the scheme's design features UPSC tests.
September 11, 2026
Skill India: The mission, the schemes and the institutions
Skill development runs through the Ministry of Skill Development, the NSDC, PMKVY and PM Vishwakarma. This guide explains the institutional architecture and the scheme map UPSC tests.
September 11, 2026
GST Council: How rate decisions are made and the agenda it keeps returning to
The GST Council decides every indirect tax rate change in India. This guide explains its constitutional design under Article 279A, its voting structure, the standing agenda: rate rationalisation, insurance, the compensation cess, and the Supreme Court's Mohit Minerals ruling on whether its recommendations bind.
September 11, 2026
NEP at five: The 5+3+3+4 structure and what changed
The National Education Policy 2020 completed five years, with curriculum frameworks, the four-year undergraduate programme and PARAKH in place. This guide explains the policy's structure and its implementation milestones.
September 11, 2026
Ayushman Bharat: Coverage, the 70+ expansion and the architecture
Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY provides ₹5 lakh per family per year for hospitalisation. In September 2024 it was extended to all senior citizens aged 70 and above. This guide explains the scheme's architecture and the expansion.
September 11, 2026
India's external debt: Definitions, composition and the indicators that matter
India's external debt is tracked quarterly by the External Debt Management Unit in the Department of Economic Affairs. This guide explains sovereign and non-sovereign debt, long-term and short-term composition, and the vulnerability indicators UPSC tests.
September 11, 2026
Supreme Court 2026: The verdicts that shaped the year
The Supreme Court's 2026 output has been unusually rich: end-of-life rights, menstrual health and dignity, and the continuing privacy line. This guide curates the exam-relevant rulings and the doctrine they extend.
September 11, 2026
Tiger census: The numbers, the method and the reserves in focus
The 2022 All-India Tiger Estimation counted 3,682 tigers: about 75% of the world's wild population. This guide explains the estimation method, the reserve landscape and the Project Tiger framework.
September 11, 2026
New species discovered in India: How discovery works and why it matters
The Zoological Survey of India and Botanical Survey of India publish annual discovery tallies, concentrated in the Western Ghats, Eastern Himalayas and the islands. This guide explains the discovery system and its exam vocabulary.
September 11, 2026
G20: How it works and India's priorities in the cycle
The G20 is the premier economic-governance forum: 19 countries plus the EU and the African Union. This guide explains the institution, India's 2023 presidency legacy and its continuing asks.
September 11, 2026
The Women's Reservation Act: One-third seats, delimitation and the timeline
The 106th Constitutional Amendment (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023) reserves one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha, state assemblies and the Delhi Assembly for women. Its commencement waits on delimitation after the next census. This guide explains the Act and its preconditions.
September 11, 2026
India's National Quantum Mission: Four verticals and a 2031 target
The National Quantum Mission was approved in April 2023 with an outlay of ₹6,003.65 crore for 2023–2031. This guide explains the four verticals, the Thematic Hubs, and the quantum concepts UPSC tests.
September 11, 2026
Satellite broadband and spectrum: How India assigned SatCom airwaves
India assigned satellite spectrum administratively rather than by auction, under the Telecommunications Act 2023. This guide explains the decision, the players, and the orbital concepts UPSC tests.
September 8, 2026
UNGA 81: How the General Assembly works and what India watches
The 81st session of the UN General Assembly opened on 8 September 2026, with the high-level General Debate running 22–26 September and the SDG Moment on 18 September. This guide explains the institution and India's standing asks.
August 31, 2026
New Ramsar sites in India: The 2026 additions and the full picture
India crossed 100 Ramsar sites in 2026: Patna Bird Sanctuary, Chhari-Dhand, Shekha Jheel and Suraha Tal in the first half, then Glaw Lake as the 101st in August. This guide covers the additions and the convention's framework.
August 31, 2026
Glaw Lake: India's 101st Ramsar site
In August 2026, Glaw Lake in Arunachal Pradesh was designated as India's 101st Ramsar site (Site No. 2597), the state's first wetland of international importance. The designation trail of 2026, the state tally, and the one Prelims fact per site.
July 12, 2026
Gaganyaan 2026: Three crew-module tests and the road to the first flight
On 12 July 2026, ISRO accomplished three major qualification tests of the Gaganyaan Crew Module systems. This guide covers those tests, the mission architecture, and the human-rating milestones still ahead.
June 30, 2026
Species in News and Protected Areas: January to June 2026
Species and protected areas current affairs follow a predictable pattern: a site is designated, a species is discovered or its status changes, and UPSC asks you to match the site to the state or the s
June 30, 2026
AI-hallucinated precedents: the Supreme Court's zero-tolerance judgment
In Pooja Ramesh Singh v. Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd. (July 2026), the Supreme Court set aside NCLT and NCLAT orders that relied on fake, AI-generated precedents, holding that "even an iota" of such reliance vitiates adjudication. The first binding judgment on AI in judicial decision-making, mapped to the rule of law.
June 30, 2026
India and the World: April to June 2026
International relations is the most interconnected topic in the UPSC syllabus. A single event , say, an India-US defence agreement , connects to defence (GS3), foreign policy (GS2), technology transfe